Apa Itu STAMP

On August 26, the U.S. SEC announced proposed rules for 'Regulation Crypto Assets' on August 18, which set two exemptions for specific investment contracts involving crypto assets: first, allowing startups to raise up to $5 million in a single financing round over four years; second, permitting eligible issuers to raise up to $75 million within any 12-month period, with the possibility of conducting different rounds of issuance in subsequent years. Drew Hinkes, a partner at Winston & Strawn, stated that as long as each round of financing is genuinely independent, projects could theoretically raise $75 million every 12 months. However, Lilya Tessler, head of Sidley's fintech and blockchain practice, pointed out that subsequent financing is not automatically approved; issuers must resubmit offering documents, undergo SEC staff review, and continue to file annual and semi-annual reports, while disclosing funds raised through the exemption in the past 12 months to confirm they have not exceeded the limits. The proposed rules also limit the participation scale of non-accredited investors, capping their purchase amounts at 10% of the higher of their personal income or net worth. Duke University financial regulation expert Lee Reiners believes that the limited first-round cap may make early token allocations more attractive, but the rules are unlikely to recreate the ICO boom of 2017. The previous round of ICOs has impacted investor confidence, with up to 90% of projects that raised funds through ICOs from 2017 to 2019 ultimately failing. The SEC anticipates that about 130 issuances per year will utilize the aforementioned exemptions, with around 475 issuers potentially using a broader safe harbor for investment contracts. The new rules will provide token issuers with a clearer path for financing in the U.S. compared to the current system, but secondary market trading may still exist in a gray area regarding securities characteristics. The proposal stipulates that investment contracts related to crypto assets may continue to trade in the secondary market alongside token transfers until the asset is separated from the issuer's representations or commitments. Hinkes noted that if tokens without securities characteristics transfer investment contracts from seller to buyer, such transactions may still be considered securities transactions, impacting trading platforms. Reiners also warned that some issuers may meet the formal requirements for exemptions but still influence token value through team management efforts, concentrated insider holdings, and aggressive promotion.

Bubblemaps announced on the X platform that attackers exploited a vulnerability in the Cosmos EVM shared module to steal $50 million worth of NES tokens, but ultimately only profited around $60,000. Previously, Cosmos Labs reported security vulnerabilities in its shared Cosmos EVM software, affecting multiple chains built on this module, including Nesa. According to reports, the main attacker, with an address starting with 0x9AE7, previously spent $250,000 to purchase NES and cross-chained it to Nesa Chain. They then exploited the vulnerability to inflate their account balance by 200 times and transferred $50 million in NES back to Ethereum. The initial funds for this wallet came from Monero. The attacker subsequently dispersed the tokens across multiple wallet addresses, exchanged NES for ETH on a DEX, and deposited the earnings into a centralized exchange. Due to the rapid withdrawal of funds from the liquidity pool, most of the attacker's exchange transactions faced severe slippage. The attacker spent $255,000 to initiate the attack but only cashed out $315,000, resulting in a net profit of approximately $60,000.

On August 26, Ethereum researchers presented an early draft aimed at redesigning the validator deposit contract to support different key lengths and various cryptographic signature systems, preparing for the future adoption of quantum-resistant signatures. The existing contract hard-codes the size of BLS keys, meaning that even if developers identify a new quantum-resistant solution, the network cannot currently accept it directly. The draft will label the cryptographic system used for each deposit, with BLS labeled as 0, while leaving other labels for future solutions. If the proposal is approved, the new signature systems could be integrated alongside BLS; Ethereum could then make a decision to permanently stop accepting new BLS deposits, although validators who have already participated in staking with BLS keys would not exit immediately. The draft is currently using a temporary number, with maintainers suggesting it be designated as EIP-8394. As of Wednesday, approximately 42.4 million ETH, valued at around $10.4 billion, is staked in Ethereum, all protected by BLS validator keys. In March, Google Quantum AI outlined five potential quantum attack vectors against Ethereum, involving over $100 billion in assets related to wallets, staking, smart contracts, and Layer 2. The Ethereum Foundation currently plans to complete relevant adjustments at the core protocol level by around 2029.